2011年高考英语试卷解析应试技巧阅读理解及七条秘诀.doc

LESSON FIFTEEN


应试技巧----阅读理解及七条秘诀
1．文章结构、测试要点及应对策略


知己知彼，百战不殆
要做好阅读理解，首先要了解英国人的写作习惯，一旦了解英文的文章结构，我们只要读几个关键句子即可掌握全文的意思。同时了解考卷可能问的问题及应对方式。这样应答起来，便可即快又准。

高考题型及分数分配
总分150分
▲第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
▲第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
  第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
  第二节：完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分)
▲第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)共5篇文章
▲第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)
  第一节： 小作文(满分10分)
  第二节：大作文 (满分25分)

一、段落及文章的主题句。
He studied English hard in the university for the test on Sunday.
他在大学里，为了考试星期日努力学习英语。
注解：从上句可以看出，英国人在表达句子的时候，把最重要的放在前头。而中国人却将不重要的修饰成份放在前面。了解两个民族思维习惯的不同正是我们做好阅读理解及写好英文文章的关键所在。英国人写一个句子如此，在写一个段落时也是如此。

1、主题句通常在段首（绝大部分文章）
                               (A)                                 
Helen is the most conceited(自负) person I know. She thinks she knows everything and can do anything under the sun. According to her, she is an expert bowler, tennis player, swimmer, and softball player. She tells everyone that she is the smartest person in the class. No matter what the problem is, Helen always thinks she can solve it because she believes there is nothing she cannot do.

注解：英国人在写文章的段落时，同样把最重要的东西放在段首，既主题句。此段在第一句“海伦是一个最自负的人”，先说段落主题然后再进一步说明海伦是如何自负。考试中我们只需看一句就够了，无需全部阅读。如果不认识conceited，便可读第二句“She thinks she knows everything and can do anything under the sun.”“她认为在这个世界上她无所不知，无所不能。”从该句也可推出conceited 是自负的意思。
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(B)
        In the last 500 years, nothing about people-not heir clothes, ideas, or languages ---- has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s, and although if was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.

1．According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A)        Food.                                B) Chocolate.
Potato.                        D) Coffee.

注解：在阅读理解的考试中，经常提问段落的主题句，既中心思想。我们只要读一句what they eat.就够了，这样可以节省大量的时间。
  Even though ulcers（溃疡） appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic（基因的） factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.

The passage argues that
A.        ulcers are related to genes.
B.        Ulcers are chiefly related to lifestyle.
C.        Ulcers appear in men and women.
D.        Ulcers are caused by bacteria infection.

注解：在读段落第一句时，如果是状语从句中心应在主句上，从句可以不读。例如上句“尽管溃疡是以家庭形式出现，而生活方式在引起疾病方面比基因起到更重要的作用。”因此该文的中心应该是生活方式而不是家族遗传。应选C。