GRE填空

1. It is puzzling to observe that Jones's novel has recently been criticized for its ________ structure, since commentators have traditionally argued that its most obvious ________ is its relentlessly rigid, indeed schematic, framework.
  (A) attention to ... preoccupation
  (B) speculation about ... characteristic
  (C) parody of ... disparity
  (D) violation of ... contradiction
  (E) lack of ... flaw

2. Famous among job seekers for its ________, the company, quite apart from generous salaries, bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such ________ as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.
  (A) magnanimity ... reparations
  (B) inventiveness ... benefits
  (C) largesse ... perquisites
  (D) discernment ... prerogatives
  (E) altruism ... credits

3. If duty is the natural ________ of one ' s ________ the course of future events, then people who are powerful have duty placed on them whether they like it or not.
  (A) correlate ... understanding of
  (B) outgrowth ... control over
  (C) determinant ... involvement in
  (D) mitigant ... preoccupation with
  (E) arbiter ... responsibility for

4. In a most impressive demonstration, Pavarotti sailed through Verdi's "Celeste Aida", normally a tenor's ________, with the casual enthusiasm of a folk singer performing one of his favorite ________.
  (A) pitfall ... recitals
  (B) glory ... chorales
  (C) nightmare ... ballads
  (D) delight ... chanteys
  (E) routine ... composers

5. Cynics believe that people who ________ compliments do so in order to be praised twice.
  (A) bask in
  (B) give out
  (C) despair of
  (D) gloat over
  (E) shrug off

6. Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts ________ a long, identifiable sequence of DNA; such a coincidence could be ________only by the transfer of DNA
between the two systems.
  (A) manufacture ... accomplished
  (B) reveal ... repeated
  (C) exhibit ... determined
  (D) share ... explained
  (E) maintain ... contradicted

7. The proponents of recombinant DNA research have decided to ________ federal regulation of their work; they hope that by making this compromise they can forestall proposed state and local controls that might be even stiffer.
  (A) protest
  (B) institute
  (C) deny
  (D) encourage
  (E) disregard

[ 本帖最后由 zmj041 于 2007-6-10 13:47 编辑 ]

Exercise Eighteen

1. When theories formerly considered to be ________ in their scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent observational and evaluative bias, then the presumed neutrality of  science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are human ________.
  (A) disinterested ... constructions
  (B) callous ... errors
  (C) verifiable ... prejudices
  (D) convincing ... imperatives
  (E) unassailable ... fantasies

2. Rather than enhancing a country's security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country's ________.
  (A) boldness
  (B) influence
  (C) responsibility
  (D) moderation
  (E) vulnerability

3. Kagan maintains that an infant's reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a natural process of development, not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or ________ signs of adolescent
anxiety.
  (A) prophetic
  (B) normal
  (C) monotonous
  (D) virtual
  (E) typical

4. Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world ________ of ________.
  (A) bereft ... theatricality
  (B) composed ... adversity
  (C) full ... circumstantiality
  (D) deprived ... polarity
  (E) devoid ... neutrality

5. Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ________, which makes them ________ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect nd punish wrongdoing.
  (A) contested ... provisional
  (B) circumvented ... antiquated
  (C) repealed ... vulnerable
  (D) violated ... ineffective
  (E) modified ... unstable

6. To have true disciples, a thinker must not be too ________: any effective intellectual leader depends on the ability of other people to ________ thought processes that did not originate with them.
  (A) popular ... dismiss
  (B) methodical ... interpret
  (C) idiosyncratic ... reenact
  (D) self-confident ... revitalize
  (E) pragmatic ... discourage

7. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of ________ resulting from the carbon atom's ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
  (A) deviation
  (B) stability
  (C) reproduction
  (D) variety
  (E) invigoration

mExercise Eighty

1. Because its average annual rainfall is only about four inches, one of the major tasks faced by the country has been to find ________ sources of water.
  (A) discontinuous
  (B) natural
  (C) supplementary
  (D) pervasive
  (E) initial

2. The losing animal in a struggle saves itself from destruction by an act of ________, an act usually recognized and ________ by the winner.
  (A) submission ... accepted
  (B) hostility ... avoided
  (C) bluffing ... reaffirmed
  (D) anger ... condoned
  (E) hatred ... duplicated

3. Ambrose Blerce's biographers agree that the Civil War was the central experience of his life, the event to which be constantly returned and the ________ that brought some ________ to the hitherto random pattern of his youth.
  (A) ordeal ... coherence
  (B) interruption ... continuity
  (C) climax ... confusion
  (D) escape ... diversion
  (E) hiatus ... rigidity

4. It would seem that absolute qualities in art ________ us, that we cannot escape viewing works of art in ________ of time and circumstance.
  (A) enlighten ... a pattern
  (B) frighten ... an absence
  (C) confuse ... a welter
  (D) elude ... a context
  (E) deceive ... a milieu

5. Although Darwinism was a profoundly ________ world view, it was essentially passive, since it prescribed no steps to be taken, no victories over nature to be celebrated, no program of triumphs of be successively gained.
  (A) limited
  (B) repressive
  (C) debatable
  (D) innovative
  (E) paradoxical

6. An analysis of the ideas in the novel compels an analysis of the form of the work, particularly when form and content are as ________ as they are in The House of the Seven Gables.
  (A) symptomatic
  (B) delineated
  (C) integrated
  (D) conspicuous
  (E) distinctive

7. The semantic ________ of ancient documents is not unique; even in our own time, many documents are difficult to decipher.
  (A) aspect
  (B) pattern
  (C) opacity
  (D) intention

mExercise Eighty-Eight

1. Even though six players had been injured, the coach announced to the assembled reporters that the team would ________ the championship.
  (A) ignore
  (B) win
  (C) overcome
  (D) demand
  (E) refuse

2. He was widely regarded as a ________ man because he revealed daily his distrust of human nature and human motives.
  (A) disrespectful
  (B) cynical
  (C) confused
  (D) misinformed
  (E) fanatical

3. The harmonious accommodation reached by the warring factions exemplifies the axiom that ________ is possible among people of goodwill, even when they have previously held quite ________ perspectives.
  (A) candor ... indistinguishable
  (B) tension ... congenial
  (C) agreement ... unequivocal
  (D) compromise ... antagonistic
  (E) coexistence ... fixed

4. Because the order in which the parts of speech appear in the sentences of a given language is decided merely by custom, it is ________ to maintain that every departure from that order constitutes a ________ of a natural law.
  (A) traditional ... transformation
  (B) conventional ... transgression
  (C) necessary ... prototype
  (D) unjustifiable ... violation
  (E) unreasonable ... formulation

5. Lizzie was a brave woman who could dare to incur a great danger for an adequate ________.
  (A) risk
  (B) combat
  (C) object
  (D) event
  (E) encounter

6. Personnel experts say that attractive benefits alone will not always keep ________ executives from changing jobs for better long-range opportunities, but they think the enticements may deter many executives from accepting_______ offers from other companies.
  (A) discontented ... preferable
  (B) ambitious ... routine
  (C) unqualified ... inferior
  (D) experienced ... superior
  (E) dedicated ... advantageous

7. Although ________ in her own responses to the plays she reviewed, the theatre critic was, paradoxically, ________ those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation.
  (A) dogmatic ... impatient with
  (B) eclectic ... suspicious of
  (C) partisan ... hostile toward
  (D) capricious ... intrigued by
  (E) indulgent ... indebted by

Exercise Eighty-Five
1. Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and then reaches its decision as a group, thus minimizing the effect of ________ bias.
  (A) legal
  (B) professional
  (C) individual
  (D) unexpected
  (E) unarticulated

2. Every novel invites us to enter a world that is initially strange; our gradual and selective orientation to its manners ________ infants' ________ to their environment.
  (A) imitates ... welcome
  (B) completes ... introduction
  (C) resembles ... adjustment
  (D) alters ... blindness
  (E) reinforces ... resistance

3. He never ________ the wisdom I had claimed for him, and my friends quickly dismissed my estimate of his ability as ________ .
  (A) repudiated ... irony
  (B) inhibited ... propaganda
  (C) demonstrated ... hyperbole
  (D) masked ... exaggeration
  (E) vindicated ... understatement

4. As the creation of new knowledge through science has become ________ resistance to innovation has become less ________ taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack.
  (A) controversial ... sporadic
  (B) institutionalized ... aggressive
  (C) essential ... effective
  (D) public ... circumspect
  (E) suspect ... lively

5. Most people are shameless ________ where the very rich are concerned, ________ curious about how they get their money and how they spend it.
  (A) prigs ... secretly
  (B) critics ... endlessly
  (C) voyeurs ... insatiably
  (D) exhibitionists ... blatantly
  (E) ingrates ... selfishly

6. Plants store a ________ of water in their leaves, stems, or understock to provide themselves with a form of ________ that will carry them through the inevitable drought they must suffer in the wild.
  (A) supply ... tolerance
  (B) hoard ... insurance
  (C) reservoir ... accommodation
  (D) provision ... restoration
  (E) contribution ... support
                                          
7. The simplicity of the theory—its main attraction—is also its ________ , for only by ________ the assumptions of the theory is it possible to explain the most recent observations made by researchers.
  (A) liability ... accepting
  (B) virtue ... qualifying
  (C) downfall ... considering
  (D) glory ... rejecting
  (E) undoing ... supplementing

Exercise Eighty-Four

1. There are simply no ________ for buying stock in certain industries since rapidly changing environmental restrictions will make a profitable return on any investment very unlikely.
  (A) incentives
  (B) arrangements
  (C) explanations
  (D) conditions
  (E) procedures

2. Although his outnumbered troops fought bravely, the general felt he had no choice but to ________ defeat and ________ a retreat.
  (A) hasten ... suggest
  (B) seek ... try
  (C) oversee ... reject
  (D) overcome ... request
  (E) acknowledge ... order

3. Students of the Great Crash of 1929 have never understood why even the most informed observers did not recognize and heed the ________ economic danger signals that in ________ seem so apparent.
  (A) obvious ... combination
  (B) early ... conclusion
  (C) direct ... application
  (D) future ... potential
  (E) prior ... retrospect

4. The combination of ________ and ________ in Edmund' s speech can be starting, especially when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity amid the mellifluous circumlocutions of a gentleman of the old school.
  (A) tact ... innocence
  (B) raciness... ribaldry
  (C) piousness ... modesty
  (D) elegance ... earthiness
  (E) propriety ... bashfulness

5. Amid the collapsing or out-of-control mechanical devices, the belching volcano had a disturbingly ________ quality, like a character who has stumbled onstage by mistake.
  (A) anomalous
  (B) overwrought
  (C) obdurate
  (D) ephemeral
  (E) derelict

6. It is an error to regard the imagination as a mainly ________ force; if it destroys and alters, it also ________ hitherto isolated beliefs, insights, and mental habits into
strongly unified systems.
  (A) visionary ... conjures
  (B) beneficial ... converts
  (C) revolutionary ... fuses
  (D) negative ... shunts
  (E) synthetic ... integrates

7. Certainly Murray' s preoccupation with the task of editing the Oxford English Dictionary begot a kind of monomania, but it must be regarded as a ________ or at least an innocuous one.
  (A) tame
  (B) tendentious
  (C) meretricious
  (D) beneficent
  (E) sincere

Exercise Eighty-Nine

1. Faraday does not ________ any particular theory; she believes that each theory increases our understanding of some dreams but that no single theory can ________ them all.
  (A) endorse ... explain
  (B) discuss ... simplify
  (C) mention ... replace
  (D) evaluate ... identify
  (E) criticize ... eradicate

2. The wilderness is ________ in that it permits people to face an important reality—one that demands much of them as thinking, reacting, working individuals, not ________ as human machines.
  (A) foreign ... necessarily
  (B) intangible ... physically
  (C) stimulating ... creatively
  (D) discouraging ... neutrally
  (E) valuable ... merely

3. Superficial differences between the special problems and techniques of the physical sciences and those of the biological sciences are sometimes cited as evidence for the ________ of biology and for the claim that the methods of physics are therefore not adequate to biological inquiry.
  (A) autonomy
  (B) vitalism
  (C) purposiveness
  (D) obsolescence
  (E) irrelevance

4. The little-known but rapidly expanding use of computers in mapmaking is technologically similar to the more ________ uses in designing everything from bolts to satellites.
  (A) recent
  (B) impromptu
  (C) publicized
  (D) ingenuous
  (E) secure

5. For many young people during the Roaring Twenties, a disgust with the excesses of American culture ________ a wanderlust to provoke an exodus abroad.
  (A) stymied
  (B) overwhelmed
  (C) reflected
  (D) combined with
  (E) conflicted with

6. There is no necessary intrinsic connection between a word and the thing it refers to, the relationship is purely________.
  (A) conventional
  (B) consistent
  (C) strategic
  (D) illustrative
  (E) problematical

7. The Neoplatonists' conception of a deity, in which perfection was measured by abundant fecundity, was contradicted by that of the Aristotelians, in which perfection was displayed in the ________ of creation.
  (A) profusion
  (B) precision
  (C) variety
  (D) clarity
  (E) economy

Exercise Eighty-One

1. It is true that the seeds of some plants have ________ after two hundred years of dormancy, but reports that viable seeds have been found in ancient tombs such as the pyramids are entirely ________.
  (A) revived ... empirical
  (B) germinated ... unfounded
  (C) endured ... irrelevant
  (D) erupted ... reasonable
  (E) proliferated ... substantiated

2. Although Jungius detected Galileo' s ________ in thinking that the curve assumed by a chain hanging freely between two supports was a parabola, he did not ________ what the true form might be.
  (A) wisdom ... question
  (B) rationale ... prove
  (C) error ... discover
  (D) sincerity ... conceal
  (E) ingenuity ... understand

3.  Suspicious of too powerful a President, Americans nonetheless are ________ when a President does not act decisively.
  (A) unified
  (B) indifferent
  (C) content
  (D) uneasy
  (E) adamant

4. While admitting that the risks incurred by use of the insecticide were not ________ , the manufacturer' s spokesperson argued that effective ________ were simply not available.
  (A) inconsequential ... substitutes
  (B) unusual ... alternatives
  (C) increasing ... procedures
  (D) indeterminable ... safeguards
  (E) proven ... antidotes

5. The brittle fronds of the Boston fern break easily and become brown, so that the overall appearance of the plant is ________ unless the broken fronds are cut off.
  (A) admired
  (B) overrated
  (C) disparaged
  (D) blunted
  (E) ruined

6. Some biologists argue that each specifically human trait must have arisen gradually and erratically, and that it is therefore difficult to isolate definite ________ in the evolution of
the species.
  (A) fluctuations
  (B) generations
  (C) predispositions
  (D) milestones
  (E) manifestations

7. The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start, for adult consciousness is ________ by the awareness of duration.
  (A) intrigued
  (B) repelled
  (C) measured
  (D) accelerated
  (E) permeated

Exercise Eighty-Seven

1. Her lecture gave a sense of how empty the universe is, in spite of the ________ number of stars within it.
  (A) diminishing
  (B) varying
  (C) enormous
  (D) unusual
  (E) limited

2. Even though many persons in the audience jeered the star throughout the play, she ________ curtain calls.
  (A) refused all
  (B) adored some
  (C) delayed several
  (D) appeared for
  (E) balked at

3. Although it is unusual to denounce museum-goers for not painting, it is quite common, even for those, who are unenthusiastic about sports, to criticize ________ for athletic ________.
  (A) artists ... ignorance
  (B) spectators ... inactivity
  (C) athletes ... snobbery
  (D) scholars ... apathy
  (E) commentators ... partiality

4. The constitutional guarantee or tree speech may have been aimed at protecting native speakers of English from censorship, but it is not a great ________ to interpret it as protecting the right to express oneself in any natural language or dialect.
  (A) enigma
  (B) extension
  (C) sacrifice
  (D) condemnation
  (E) attenuation

5. Many philosophers agree that the verbal aggression of profanity in certain radical newspapers is not ________ or childish, but an assault on ________ essential to the revolutionaries purpose.
  (A) belligerent ... fallibility
  (B) serious ... propriety
  (C) insolent ... sociability
  (D) deliberate ... affectation
  (E) trivial ... decorum

6. The essence of belief is the establishment of ________ ; different beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise.
  (A) love
  (B) practice
  (C) trust
  (D) commitments
  (E) allegiances

7. That the Third Battalion's fifty-percent casualty rate transformed its assault on Hill 306 from a brilliant stratagem into a debacle does not ________ eyewitness reports of its commander's extraordinary ________ in deploying his forces.
  (A) justify ... rapidity
  (B) gainsay ... cleverness
  (C) corroborate .. .determination
  (D) invalidate ... brutality
  (E) underscore ... ineptitude

Exercise Eighty-Three
1. When an oppressed group revolts against a society, one must look for the ________ forces that led to the group's ________ that society.
  (A) disparate ... acknowledgment of
  (B) specific ... dependence on
  (C) altered ... redistribution within
  (D) focused ... interference with
  (E) underlying ... alienation from

2. One reason why pertinent fossils are ________ is that crucial stages of evolution occurred in the tropics where it is difficult to explore for fossils, and so their discovery has ________.
  (A) unique ... resulted
  (B) unconcealable ... declined
  (C) uncommon ... lagged
  (D) recent ... resumed
  (E) prominent ... failed

3. The most technologically advanced societies have been responsible for the greatest ________ ; indeed, savagery seems to be in direct proportion to ________ ;
  (A) wars ... viciousness
  (B) catastrophes ... ill-will
  (C) atrocities ... development
  (D) inventions ... know-how
  (E) triumphs ... civilization

4. Her remarkable ________ , which first became apparent when she repeatedly defeated the older children at school, eventually earned for her some ________ rewards, including a full athletic scholarship and several first-place trophies.
  (A) sportsmanship ... academic
  (B) agility ... monetary
  (C) modesty ... unanticipated
  (D) speed ... tangible
  (E) patience ... well-deserved

5. Because time in India is conceived statically rather than dynamically, Indian languages emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns express the more ________ aspects of a thing.
  (A) paradoxical
  (B) prevalent
  (C) temporal
  (D) successive
  (E) stable.

6. Rousseau's short discourse, a work that was generally ________ the cautious, unadorned prose of the day, deviated from that prose style in its ________ discussion of the physical sciences.
  (A) critical of ... lengthy
  (B) superior to ... austere
  (C) bolder than ... intelligent
  (D) consistent with ... unrestrained
  (E) influenced by ... uninspired

7. Although ordinarily skeptical about the purity of Robinson's motives, in this instance Jenkins did not consider Robinson' s generosity to be ________ consideration of personal gain.
  (A) lacking in
  (B) contrary to
  (C) alloyed with
  (D) mitigated by
  (E) repudiated by

Exercise Eighty-Two

1. Although there are weeks of negotiations ahead, and perhaps setbacks and new surprises, leaders of both parties are ________ that their differences can be resolved.
  (A) optimistic
  (B) perplexed
  (C) apprehensive
  (D) incredulous
  (E) uncertain

2. Both television commercials and programs present ________ view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.
  (A) an unrealistic
  (B) an imprudent
  (C) a standardized
  (D) a perplexing
  (E) a banal

3. Despite some allowances for occupational mobility, the normal expectation of seventeenth-century English society was that the child's vocation would develop along familial lines; ________ the career of one's parents was therefore________.
  (A) disagreement with ... forbidden
  (B) divergence from ... limited
  (C) preparation for ... difficult
  (D) reliance on ... unanticipated
  (E) assumption of ... premature

4. Because it has no distinct and recognizable typographical form and few recurring narrative conventions, the novel is, of all literary genres, the least susceptible to ________.
  (A) misuse
  (B) imprecision
  (C) inquiry
  (D) definition
  (E) innovation

5. The impact of a recently published collection of essays, written during and about the last presidential campaign, is lessened by its timing; it comes too late to affect us with its ________ and too soon for us to read it out of historical ________ .
  (A) foresight.... anxiety
  (B) research ... consistency
  (C) assuredness ... skepticism
  (D) immediacy ... curiosity
  (E) veracity ... respect

6. The ________ of her career was her achievement of her greatest intellectual authority at the very moment when she was ________ of a compelling subject.
  (A) irony ... assured
  (B) dilemma ... certain
  (C) enigma ... cognizant
  (D) paradox ... bereft
  (E) epitome ... despairing

7. The blueprints for the new automobile were ________ at first glance, but the designer had been basically too conservative to ________ previous standards of beauty.
  (A) striking ... flout
  (B) impractical ... ignore
  (C) impeccable ... dispel
  (D) influential ... assess
  (E) confusing ... incorporate

Exercise Eleven

1. The self-important cant of musicologists on record jackets often suggests that true appreciation of the music is an ________ process closed to the uninitiated listener, however enthusiastic.
  (A) unreliable
  (B) arcane
  (C) arrogant
  (D) elementary
  (E) intuitive

2. Psychology has slowly evolved into an ________ scientific discipline that now functions autonomously with the same privileges and responsibilities as other sciences.
  (A) independent
  (B) unusual
  (C) outmoded
  (D) uncontrolled
  (E) inactive

3. Nineteenth-century scholars, by examining earlier geometric Greek art, found that classical Greek art was not a magical ________ or a brilliant ________ blending Egyptian and Assyrian art, but was independently evolved by Greeks in Greece.
  (A) stratagem ... appropriation
  (B) exemplar ... synthesis
  (C) conversion ... annexation
  (D) paradigm ... construct
  (E) apparition ... amalgam

4. Dependence on foreign sources of heavy metals, though ________, remains ________ for United States foreign policy.
  (A) deepening ... a challenge
  (B) diminishing ... a problem
  (C) excessive ... a dilemma
  (D) debilitating ... an embarrassment
  (E) unavoidable ... a precedent

5. Opponents of the expansion of the market economy, although in ________, continued to constitute ________ political force throughout the century.
  (A) error ... an inconsequential
  (B) retreat ... a powerful
  (C) disarray ... a disciplined
  (D) jeopardy ... an ineffective
  (E) command ... a viable

6. Although the revelation that one of the contestants was a friend left the judge open to charges of lack of ________, the judge remained adamant in her assertion that acquaintance did not necessarily imply ________.
  (A) prudence ... tolerance
  (B) detachment ... foreknowledge
  (C) exoneration ... impropriety
  (D) prejudice ... preference
  (E) disinterestedness ... partiality

7. Although he attempted repeatedly to ________ her of her conviction of his insincerity, he was not successful; she remained ________ in her judgment.
  (A) remind ... forceful
  (B) convince ... unfeigned
  (C) exorcise ... indulgent
  (D) disabuse ... adamant
  (E) free ... unsure

Exercise Fifteen

1. Although the minuet appeared simple, its ________ steps had to be studied very carefully before they could be gracefully ________ in public.
  (A) progressive ... revealed
  (B) intricate ... executed
  (C) rudimentary ... allowed
  (D) minute ... discussed
  (E) entertaining ... stylized

2. During a period of protracted illness, the sick can become infirm, ________ both the strength to work and many of the specific skills they once possessed.
  (A) regaining
  (B) denying
  (C) pursuing
  (D) insuring
  (E) losing

3. Clearly refuting sceptic, researchers have ________ not only that gravitational radiation exists but that it also does exactly what theory ________ it should do.
  (A) doubted ... warranted
  (B) estimated ... accepted
  (C) demonstrated ... predicted
  (D) assumed ... deduced
  (E) supposed ... asserted

4. A common argument claims that in folk art, the artist's subordination of technical mastery to intense feeling _______ the direct communication of emotion to the viewer.
  (A) facilitates
  (B) averts
  (C) neutralizes
  (D) implies
  (E) represses

5. Philosophical problems arise when people ask questions that, though very ________, have certain characteristics in common.
  (A) relevant
  (B) elementary
  (C) abstract
  (D) diverse
  (E) controversial

6. Like many eighteenth-century scholars who lived by cultivating those in power, Winckelmann neglected to neutralize, by some ________ gesture of comradeship, the resentment his peers were bound to feel because of his ________ the high and mighty.
  (A) quixotic ... intrigue with
  (B) enigmatic ... familiarity with
  (C) propitiatory ... involvement with
  (D) salutary ... questioning of
  (E) unfeigned ... sympathy for

7. Documenting science's ________ philosophy would be ________, since it is almost axiomatic that many philosophers use scientific concepts as the foundations for their speculations.
  (A) distrust of ... elementary
  (B) influence on ... superfluous
  (C) reliance on ... inappropriate
  (D) dependence on ... difficult
  (E) differences from ... impossible

Exercise Fifty

1. The senator' s reputation, though ________ by false allegations of misconduct, emerged from the ordeal ________.
  (A) shaken ... unscathed
  (B) destroyed ... intact
  (C) damaged ... impaired
  (D) impugned ... unclear
  (E) tarnished ... sullied

2. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by ________ the seedling stage in the rice plant' s life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage.
  (A) deterring
  (B) displacing
  (C) augmenting
  (D) imitating
  (E) nurturing

3. Unlike other creatures, who are shaped largely by their ________ environment, human beings are products of a culture accumulated over centuries, yet one that is constantly being ________ by massive infusions of new information from everywhere.
  (A) harsh ... unconfirmed
  (B) surrounding ... upheld
  (C) immediate ... transformed
  (D) natural... mechanized
  (E) limited. superseded

4. A number of writers who once greatly ________ the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting ________ for their former criticism.
  (A) lauded ... censure
  (B) influenced ... analysis
  (C) simulated ... ambivalence
  (D) disparaged ... approbation
  (E) honored ... adulation

5. Even though political editorializing was not ________ under the new regime, journalists still experienced ________, though perceptible, governmental pressure to limit dissent.
  (A) restricted ... clear
  (B) encouraged ... strong
  (C) forbidden ... discreet
  (D) commended ... overt
  (E) permitted ... regular

6. One of archaeology's central dilemmas is how to reconstruct the ________ of complex ancient societies from meager and often ________ physical evidence.
  (A) riddles ... obsolete
  (B) details ... irrefutable
  (C) intricacies ... equivocal
  (D) patterns ... flawless
  (E) configurations ... explicit

7. Carruthers' latest literary criticism ________ her reputation for trenchant commentary; despite its intriguing title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of ________.
  (A) reinforces ... pronouncements
  (B) belies ... platitudes
  (C) prejudices ... insights
  (D) advances ... aphorisms
  (E) undermines ... judgments

Exercise Fifty-Eight

1. Vaillant, who has been particularly interested in the means by which people attain mental health, seems to be looking for ________ answers: a way to close the book on at least a few questions about human nature.
  (A) definitive
  (B) confused
  (C) temporary
  (D) personal
  (E) derivative

2. No computer system is immune to a virus, a particularly malicious program that is designed to ________ and electronically ________ the disks on which data are stored.
  (A) prepare ... improve
  (B) restore ... disable
  (C) infect ... damage
  (D) preserve ... secure
  (E) invade ... repair

3. Before the Second World War, academics still questioned whether the body of literature produced in the United States truly ________ a ________ literature, or whether such literature was only a provincial branch of English literature.
  (A) symbolized ... local
  (B) constituted ... national
  (C) defined ... historical
  (D) outlined ... good
  (E) captured ... meaningful

4. Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer ________; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.
  (A)  preeminent
  (B)  pertinent
  (C)  beneficial
  (D)  essential
  (E)  pragmatic

5. Experienced and proficient, Susan is a good, ________ trumpeter, her music is often more satisfying than Carol's brilliant but ________ playing.
  (A) virtuoso ... inimitable
  (B) mediocre ... eccentric
  (C) competent ... influential
  (D) amateur ... renowned
  (E) reliable ... erratic

6. However _______ they might be, Roman poets were bound to have some favorite earlier author whom they would ________.
  (A) subservient ... imitate
  (B) independent ... inspire
  (C) original ... emulate
  (D) creative ... admire
  (E) talented ... neglect

7. Just as the authors' book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny ________ teaching in this area.
  (A) prevent
  (B) defy
  (C) replicate
  (D) inform
  (E) use