D
damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things
dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music  
danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss  
dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")  
date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year
daughter - n. a person's female child
day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight  
dead - ad. not living
deaf - ad. not able to hear  
deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")
debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument  
debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing  
decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge  
declare - v. to say; to make a statement  
decrease - v. to make less in size or amount  
deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom  
defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost
defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect  
deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports  
define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain  
degree - n. a measure of temperature  
delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late  
delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another  
demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force
democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions  
demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")
denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely  
deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request  
depend - v. to need help and support  
deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness
deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action  
depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs
describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something
desert - n. a dry area of land  
design - v. to plan or create plans for
desire - v. to want very much; to wish for  
destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of  
detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information
develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress
device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose  
dictator - n. a ruler with complete power  
die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end
diet - n. usual daily food and drink
different - ad. not the same  
difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out  
dig - v. to make a hole in the ground
dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.")  
diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government  
direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.")  
direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to  
dirt - n. earth or soil
disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist  
disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device
discover - v. to find or learn something
discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas
disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria  
dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider  
dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate  
dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government  
distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.")  
dive - v. to jump into water head first  
divide - v. to separate into two or more parts
do - v. to act; to make an effort  
doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people  
document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something
dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans  
dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents
door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room  
down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place
dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future
drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth
drive - v. to control a moving vehicle  
drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower  
drown - v. to die under water  
drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind  
dry - ad. not wet; without rain  
during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening)  
dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air  
duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just
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E
early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late  
earn - v. to be paid in return for work done  
earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil  
earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface  
ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult  
east - n. the direction from which the sun rises
easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do
eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth  
ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things
economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized
edge - n. the line where something ends or begins
education - n. the act of teaching
effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.")
effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something
egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby
either - ad. one of two, but not the other
elect - v. to choose by voting
electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines
embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants
emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action
emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness
employ - v. to give work in return for wages
empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything
end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last
enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war
energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active  
enforce - v. to make something be done
engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work
engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads
enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something
enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed
enter - v. to come or go into
environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals
equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights
equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity
escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of
especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")
establish - v. to bring into existence; to create
estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information  
ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived
evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas
even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.")  
event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance
ever - ad. at any time
every - ad. each one; all  
evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing
evil - ad. not good; extremely bad
exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail
examine - v. to study closely  
example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like
excellent - ad. extremely good
except - prep. but for  
exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another
excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action
execute - v. to kill  
exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health  
exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country
exist - v. to be; to live  
expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger
expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event
expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away
experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.")
experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something
expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training
explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning
explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb
explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely
export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale
express - v. to say clearly  
extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time
extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary
extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted
extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way
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F
fact - n. something known or proved to be true
factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made
fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal  
fair - ad. just; honest; what is right
fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position
false - ad. not true; not correct  
family - n. the group that includes children and their parents
famous - ad. known very well to many people
far - ad. at, to or from a great distance
farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food  
fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick
fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy
father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children  
fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")
federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government
feed - v. to give food to
feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching  
female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women
fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out
fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much
few - ad. not many; a small number of  
field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals  
fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry
fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle
fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more  
film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie
final - ad. at the end; last  
financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks  
find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")  
fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin
finish - v. to complete; to end  
fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning  
fireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations
firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")  
first - ad. coming before all others  
fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water
fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")
fix - v. to make good or right again  
flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization  
flat - ad. smooth; having no high places
flee - v. to run away from
float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air
flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land  
floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")  
flow - v. to move like a liquid  
flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds  
fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid  
fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle  
fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground
follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey
food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth  
fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily  
foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks  
for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.")  
force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group  
foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country
forest - n. a place of many trees  
forget - v. to not remember
forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt  
form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") former - ad. earlier in time; not now
forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front  
free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost  
freedom - n. the condition of being free  
freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold
fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent  
friend - n. a person one likes and trusts  
frighten - v. to cause great fear  
from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.")
front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part  
fruit - n. food from trees and plants
fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power  
full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete  
fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness
funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead  
future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")
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G
game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports
gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power
gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect
general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all  
gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent  
get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of  
gift - n. something given without cost  
girl - n. a young female person
give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment
glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids
go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave  
goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race
god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers  
gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal  
good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad
goods - n. things owned or made to be sold
govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power
government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area  
grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds  
granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son
grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother  
grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother  
grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son
grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves  
gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white  
great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important  
green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass  
grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing
ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil  
group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose  
grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount
guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen  
guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.")  
guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police  
guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way  
guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action
gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
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H
half - n. one of two equal parts of something  
halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop  
hang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is not; to kill by hanging
happen - v. to become a fact or event; to take place
happy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad  
hard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; needing much effort or force  
harm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt  
harvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered  
hat - n. a head cover  
hate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love  
have - v. to possess; to own; to hold  
he - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about  
head - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the highest position
headquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a business or organization  
heal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well  
health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free from sickness or disease  
hear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about  
heat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun  
heavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force  
helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one place above the ground  
help - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid  
here - ad. in, to or at this place  
hero - n. a person honored for being brave or wise
hide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret  
high - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others  
hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force  
hill - n. a small mountain  
history - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the past
hit - v. to strike; to touch with force
hold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")  
hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something  
holiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor or remember a person or event  
holy - ad. greatly honored in religion  
home - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives  
honest - ad. truthful; able to be trusted  
honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received many honors for his efforts to help others.")  
hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as wanted; to want something to happen  
horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible  
horse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work  
hospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care  
hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise will be honored
hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war  
hot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature  
hotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers  
hour - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes  
house - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")
how - ad. in what way; to what amount however - conj. yet; but  
huge - ad. very big; of great size
human - ad. of or about people  
humor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh
hunger - n. the need for food  
hunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find  
hurry - v. to do or go fast  
hurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damage  
husband - n. a man who is married
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I
ice - n. frozen water  
idea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief  
identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are  
if - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")
illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law  
imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea
immediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or place
import - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another country, usually for sale
important - ad. having great meaning, value or power
improve - v. to make better; to become better  
in - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during
incident - n. an event or something that happens
incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent  
include - v. to have; to make a part of  
increase - v. to make more in size or amount  
independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; separate  
individual - n. one person  
industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing  
infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease
inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down
influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change
inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to  
information - n. knowledge; facts
inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body through the skin
injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal
innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action  
insane - ad. mentally sick  
insect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with wings  
inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert
instead - ad. in the place of; taking the place of  
instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something  
insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or dishonored
intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying  
intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn
intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious  
interest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the use of money borrowed  
interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of others, especially when not asked to do so  
international - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole world  
intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve
invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army
invent - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing or way of doing something  
invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making more money  
investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or charge; to search for the truth  
invite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or gathering  
involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include  
iron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools  
island - n. a land area with water all around it  
issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing about
it - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")
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J
jewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald  
job - n. the work that one does to earn money  
join - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of  
joint - ad. shared by two or more  
joke - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh  
judge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court jump - v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air  
jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial  
just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
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K
kick - v. to hit with the foot
kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force
kill - v. to make dead; to cause to die
kind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful  
kiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor
knife - n. a tool or weapon used to cut
know - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to recognize someone because you have met and talked together before
knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding
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L
laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done
lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having
lake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land  
land - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground
language - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or group  
large - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite small  
last - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")
late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early  
laugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings
launch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space
law - n. all or any rules made by a government  
lead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first  
leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas or liquid)
learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts  
leave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is  
left - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; opposite right  
legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law  
legislature - n. a government lawmaking group  
lend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of money  
less - ad. smaller in amount; not as much
let - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible  
letter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to another person
level - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the position of something or someone
liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change  
lie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something that one knows is not true  
life - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living things  
lift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level  
light - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy  
lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm
like - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; ad. in the same way as; similar to  
limit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number permitted
line - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by military forces
link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between two or more things, situations or events
liquid - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like water  
list - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a written series of names or things  
listen - v. to try to hear  
literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country  
little - ad. not tall or big; a small amount  
live - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive  
load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is carried  
loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; something borrowed
local - ad. about or having to do with one place  
lonely - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a lonely man")  
long - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for much time  
look - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to seem to be
lose - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated  
loud - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise  
love - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; opposite hate  
low - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground  
loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something  
luck - n. something that happens by chance
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M
magazine - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information  
mail - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, such as a post office  
main - ad. the most important or largest  
major - ad. great in size, importance or amount  
majority - n. the greater number; more than half  
make - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an action; to cause to be or to become  
male - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or about men  
man - n. an adult male human  
manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts  
many - ad. a large number or amount of  
map - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it  
march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to protest about something
mark - v. to make a sign or cut on something  
market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how much money people are willing to pay for them  
marry - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)  
mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size  
mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature  
material - n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; anything that can be made into something else  
mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by numbers and signs  
matter - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of  
may - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")  
mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government  
meal - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner  
mean - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of  
measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action taken; a legislative proposal  
meat - n. the part of a dead animal used for food
media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and radio  
medicine - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or study of treating and curing disease or improving health  
meet - v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and place  
melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it  
member - n. one of a group
memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event  
memory - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a thing remembered  
mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind  
mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or to pardon
message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to another person or group
metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold  
method - n. the way something is done  
microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied  
middle - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; ad. in the center
militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence  
military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces  
milk - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young  
mind - n. the thinking, feeling part of a person  
mine - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water so it cannot be seen  
mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt  
minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister," "foreign minister") minor - ad. small in size; of little importance  
minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority  
minute - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds  
miss - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet  
missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target  
missing - ad. lost; not found  
mistake - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong  
mix - v. to put different things together to make one thing  
mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people  
model - n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work  
moderate - ad. not extreme  
modern - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved  
money - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things  
month - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided  
moon - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days  
moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions  
more - ad. greater in size or amount  
morning - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon  
most - ad. greatest in size or amount  
mother - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children  
motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place  
mountain - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around it  
mourn - v. to express or feel sadness  
move - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go  
movement - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal  
movie - n. a motion picture; a film  
much - ad. great in amount  
murder - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another person  
music - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument  
must - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to school.")  
mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret
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N
narrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other  
nation - n. a country, together with its social and political systems  
native - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there  
natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind  
nature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans  
navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea  
near - ad. not far; close to
necessary - prep. needed to get a result or effect; required  
need - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do  
negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution  
neither - ad. not one or the other of two
neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute  
never - ad. at no time; not ever  
new - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different  
news - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media  
next - ad. coming immediately after; nearest  
nice - ad. pleasing; good; kind  
night - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light  
no - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all  
noise - n. sound, especially when loud  
nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position  
noon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime  
normal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected  
north - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun  
not - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not going.")  
note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter  
nothing - n. not anything; no thing  
now - ad. at this time; immediately  
nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place  
nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms  
number - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things
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O
object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched  
observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")  
occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force  
ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water  
of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among  
off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected
offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking  
offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed  
office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed  
officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force  
official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power
often - ad. many times
oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years  
on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.")  
once - ad. one time only  
only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.")  
open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret  
operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons  
opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking  
oppose - v. to be against; to fight against  
opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")  
oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power  
or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices  
orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet  
order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws  
organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system  
other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more ("That man is short; the other is tall.")  
our - ad. of or belonging to us  
oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force  
out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in  
over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world")  
overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force  
owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received  
own - v. to have or possess for oneself
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P
paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
pan - n. a metal container used for cooking  
paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing  
parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground  
parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary  
pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment  
parent - n. a father or mother  
parliament - n. a government lawmaking group
part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something  
party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment  
pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go  
passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver  
passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former  
path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves  
patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought
peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet  
people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people")  
percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes  
perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time  
permit - v. to let; to make possible  
person - n. a man, woman or child physical - ad. of the body  
physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy  
picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera  
piece - n. a part of something larger
pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat  
pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas  
place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country  
plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")  
planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")  
plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things  
play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater  
please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount  
plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal  
poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions  
point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business  
politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office  
pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water
poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality
popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public  
population - n. all the people in a place, city or country  
port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm  
position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by  
possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen  
postpone - v. to delay action until a later time pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow  
power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.")  
praise - v. to say good things about; to approve  
pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit  
pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby  
present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")  
president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization  
press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else
prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening  
price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale  
prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public  
prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get  
probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible  
problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer  
process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result  
produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
profession - n. a job that requires special training professor - n. a teacher at a college or university  
profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity
program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show
progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal  
project - n. a planned effort to do something  
propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions  
property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
propose - v. to present or offer for consideration
protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
protest - v. to speak against; to object  
prove - v. to show to be true  
provide - v. to give something needed or wanted  
public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private  
publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine  
publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine
pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push  
pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through  
punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal  
purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought  
pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean  
purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal  
push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull  
put - v. to place; to set in position
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Q
question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed  
quick - ad. fast  
quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
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R
radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen
radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous  
radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires  
raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment  
rain - n. water falling from the sky  
raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase  
rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often  
rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold  
reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to  
react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to
read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers  
ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing  
real - ad. true; truly existing; not false  
realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are
reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise  
rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country  
receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent  
recent - ad. a short time ago  
recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs  
recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government
record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows proof or facts about something
recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions ("She is expected to recover from the operation.")  
red - ad. having the color like that of blood  
reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition  
refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war  
refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something  
regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens  
reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties
release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public  
religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same  
remains - n. a dead body
remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget  
remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office  
repair - n. work done to fix something
repeat - v. to say or do again  
report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed  
represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example  
repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force  
request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for  
require - v. to need or demand as necessary
rescue - v. to free from danger or evil  
research - n. a careful study to discover correct information  
resign - v. to leave a position, job or office  
resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent  
resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting  
resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold  
responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.")  
rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the others  
restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger  
result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect  
retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health  
return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back  
revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government  
rice - n. a food grain
rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something  
ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat  
right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left  
riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people  
rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing  
risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury  
river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean  
road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other  
rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal  
rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter  
rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon  
roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball  
room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls  
root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil  
rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying  
rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well  
round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle  
rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing
rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals  
ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy  
rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done  
run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
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S
sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person  
sad - ad. not happy safe - ad. away from harm or danger  
sail - v. to travel by boat or ship  
sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship  
salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food  
same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others  
sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts  
satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth  
satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded  
save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use  
say - v. to speak; to express in words  
school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn  
science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them  
sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean  
search - v. to look for carefully  
season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the year when something usually happens ("baseball season")
seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in parliament")  
second - ad. the one that comes after the first  
secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few  
security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")  
see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know  
seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
seek(ing) - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest  
self - n. all that which makes one person different from others  
sell - v. to give something in exchange for money  
Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress  
send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place  
sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel  
sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime  
separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different  
series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order  
serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous  
serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help  
service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony  
set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit  
settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place  
several - ad. three or more, but not many  
severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pa