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一个新名词－CFS
CHILD-FRIENDLY SCHOOL.可直译为儿童友好学校，或爱生学校。是目前联合国儿童组织在倡导的一个新理念。
它应具有以下的特征：
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RIGHTS-BASED, CHILD-FRIENDLY SCHOOL
以维护儿童权利为基础的孩童友好学校所应具有的特征
这样的学校应该能够
1. Reflects and realises the rights of every child -- cooperates with other partners to promote and monitor the well-being and rights of all children; defends and protects all children from abuse and harm (as a sanctuary), both inside and outside the school
1．反映和认识到每个孩子的权利——通过与相关各方的积极合作促进和监督儿童的福利和权力情况；如同一个避难所保护所有儿童免受来自校内外的虐待和伤害。
2. Sees and understands the whole child, in a broad context -- is concerned with what happens to children before they enter the system (e.g., their readiness for school in terms of health and nutritional status, social and linguistic skills), and once they have left the classroom -- back in their homes, the community, and the workplace
2．除了在校园和教室，在一个宽广的背景下，全面地去看待和理解儿童——这其中包括入学前他们的状况（例如，他们的健康、营养状况以及社交和语言的能力），以及当他们离开校园后-在家里、社区及工作的情况。
3. Is child-centred -- encourages participation, creativity, self-esteem, and psycho-social well-being; promotes a structured, child-centred curriculum and teaching-learning methods appropriate to the child’s developmental level, abilities, and learning style; and considers the needs of children over the needs of the other actors in the system
3．以学生为中心——鼓励参与、创造性、自尊和心理上的社会性发展；促进一种系统的，以学生为中心的课程设置，根据学生的发展水平、能力、和学习风格选择适当的教学方法；思考在这样的体统中扮演另外的角色时，他们需要什么。
4. Is gender-sensitive and girl-friendly – promotes parity in the enrolment and achievement of girls and boys; reduces constraints to gender equity and eliminates gender stereotypes; provides facilities, curricula, and learning processes welcoming to girls
4．对女孩友好，有性别的敏感性——给予女孩和男孩一样平等的上学和完成学业的机会；减少性别平等的约束，消除性别歧视的成见；提供必要的设备，课程和学习过程来欢迎女孩子们。
5. Promotes quality learning outcomes -- encourages children to think critically, ask questions, express their opinions -- and learn how to learn; helps children master the essential enabling skills of writing, reading, speaking, listening, and mathematics and the general knowledge and skills required for living in the new century -- including useful traditional knowledge and the values of peace, democracy, and the acceptance of diversity
5．促进高品质的学习成果——鼓励孩子们去批判性的思维，提出问题，表达自己的观点——学习如何去学习；帮助学生掌握必要的能力如听、说、读、写、计算和生活在新世纪所需要的基本知识和技能——包括继承有价值的传统文化知识，和平的价值观念，民主精神及接纳差异。
6. Provides education based on the reality of children’s lives -- ensures that curricular content responds to the learning needs of individual children as well as to the general objectives of the education system and the local context and traditional knowledge of families and the community
6．提供基于儿童生活实际的教育——确保在设置课程内容时不仅依据教学目标、家庭和社区的地方背景及传统文化且兼顾儿童个体的学习需要。
7. Is flexible and responds to diversity -- meets differing circumstances and needs of children (e.g., as determined by gender, culture, social class, ability level)
7．具备灵活性和多样性——应对不同的环境和儿童的需求（例如，根据性别，文化，社会阶层，能力水平来做决定）
8. Acts to ensure inclusion, respect, and equality of opportunity for all children -- does not stereotype, exclude, or discriminate on the basis of difference
8．行动起来以确保针对所有儿童的包容，尊重和平等的机会——不要因为基础的不同而有任何的成见，排挤，或者差别待遇。
9. Promotes mental and physical health – provides emotional support , encourages healthy behaviours and practices, and guarantees a hygienic, safe, secure, and joyful environment
9．促进心理和身体的健康——提供情感支持，鼓励健康行为和活动，保证一个卫生、安全、安心、快乐的环境。
10. Provides education that is affordable and accessible -- especially to children and families most at-risk
10．提供可负担的起，能够接受的教育——尤其是对那些家庭经济条件比较拮据有辍学危险的儿童。
11. Enhances teacher capacity, morale, commitment, and status -- ensures that its teachers have sufficient pre-service training, in-service support and professional development, status, and income。
11．提高和加强教师能力，士气，奉献精神和地位——确保学校的老师有足够教学前培训，教学中的支持和专业发展，地位和收入。
12. Is family focused -- attempts to work with and strengthen families and helps children, parents and teachers establish harmonious, collaborative partnerships
12．聚焦家庭——尝试与家庭合作以加强家庭的力量，帮助儿童，父母和老师建立和谐合作的伙伴关系。
13. Is community-based -- strengthens school governance through a decentralised, community-based approach; encourages parents, local government, community organisations, and other institutions of civil society to participate in the management as well as the financing of education; promotes community partnerships and networks focused on the rights and well-being of children
13.根植于社区的——通过合理配置和基于社区的途径加强对学校的支配能力；鼓励家长，地方政府，社区组织者及其他的民间社会组织参与管理和教育融资；促进聚焦于儿童权利和福利的社区合作和联络。
翻译的不到位之处，请各位批评指正。谢谢！
[ 本帖最后由 sunfuture 于 2007-3-22 16:49 编辑 ]
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